mindmap root((一个温顺无<br>力悲惨可怜<br>的受害人)) victim basically applies to a living being killed as a sacrifice to a divinity, but in more general use it applies to one killed, injured, ruined, or badly treated either by a ruthless person or by an impersonal power that admits of no effective resistance: ~s of wars and disasters. prey basically applies to animals hunted or killed for food by other animals and is often extended to a victim of something suggestive of a rapacious predator: consumers who are easy ~ for advertisers. quarry basically applies to a victim of the chase and in more general use may apply to one pursued intensely as well as to one actually taken by the hunter or pursuer: the private investigator stalked her ~ relentlessly. pitiful applies especially to what excites pity or sometimes commiseration because it is felt to be deeply pathetic: a long line of ~ refugees; but it can also apply to what excites pitying contempt: a ~ excuse. piteous implies not so much the effect on the observer as the quality in the thing that may excite the pity: heard from afar their ~ cries for help. pitiable otherwise very close to pitiful, almost always implies a contemptuous commiseration, though contempt may be weakly or strongly connoted: faced a weak, ~ resistance from the opposition party. miserable implies that a person is in a state of misery that may arise in extreme distress of body or mind or in pitiable poverty or degradation: looked ~, with eyes red and swollen from crying; in reference to things, it suggests such meanness or inferiority or unpleasantness that it arouses utter dislike or disgust in the observer: what ~ weather. wretched stresses the unhappiness or despondency of a person exposed to a grave distress, such as want, grief, oppression, affliction, or anxiety: ~ survivors of the terrible flood; applied to things, it stresses extreme or deplorable badness: made a life as best as they could in their ~ hovel. powerless denotes merely lack of power or efficacy which is often temporary or relative to a specific purpose or situation: claimed he was ~ to make the change. impotent implies powerlessness coupled with persistent weakness or complete ineffectiveness: stormed about in ~ rage. tame implies a lack of independence and spirit that permits or results from domination by others: a friendship that rendered her uncharacteristically ~. subdued generally implies a loss of vehemence, intensity, or force and may suggest the quietness or meekness of one dependent, chastised, or timorous: a meek, subdued attitude. （vehement特指人的感情或反应的强烈implies strong feeling or reaction，如her voice was low but vehement她的声音低沉但强烈富有激情，如vehement criticism猛烈批评） （intense泛指强烈to a high degree，不仅指人而且指物，如intense heat/blue/life/pain/longing/person/study酷热/深蓝/紧张的生活/剧痛/强烈的渴望/感情丰富的人/深入的研究） （meek温顺，温和平静，有时表示过度顺从implies mildness or gentleness and sometimes undue submissiveness，如on the surface she seemed meek, rather insipid表面上她似乎温顺，相当乏味，如the refugees were meek and grateful whatever they got难民表现温顺，对得到的任何东西都表示感谢 ） submissive implies the state of mind of one who has yielded his or her will to control by another and who unquestioning obeys or accepts: ~ to authority.